Oleg Petrovich Orlov is a Russian biologist, participant in the human rights movement in post-Soviet Russia, and chairman of the board of the human rights center "Memorial".
The reason for Orlov's prosecution was his article "They Wanted Fascism. They Got It." The initiation of the case became known on March 21, 2023.  On February 27 Orlov was sentenced to two and a half years in prison. He was taken into custody in the courtroom. The human rights activist initially requested two years and eleven months of imprisonment. The case was reviewed again: in October 2023, he was sentenced to a fine of 150 thousand rubles, but the prosecutor's office appealed the decision.
During the new investigation, the investigator found in the case a motive of "ideological enmity towards traditional Russian spiritual, moral, and patriotic values," as well as hatred towards the social group "military personnel." In the case of discrediting the Russian Armed Forces, the human rights activist was placed under a travel ban. Afterward, the Moscow City Court upheld the sentence for the human rights activist.

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